Factors influencing neonatal intensive care unit nurses' parent partnership development.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal nurses play an important role in the development of effective partnerships, as they have more consistent interactions with the patients' parents and can encourage parental involvement. This study aimed to identify factors influencing neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses' development of partnerships with parents of high-risk infants in South Korea based on King's interacting systems theory. METHODS: We collected data utilizing a structured questionnaire, which included the following variables: developmental supportive nursing competency, empowerment, emotional intelligence, patient-centered communication skills, interpersonal competence, nursing work environment, and nurse-parent partnership. The participants were 140 pediatric nurses with at least one year of NICU experience in South Korea. We used SPSS/WIN 26.0 to analyze the data. FINDINGS: Of the factors evaluated, empowerment (ß = 0.35, p < 0.001), patient-centered communication skills (ß = 0.25, p < 0.01), interpersonal competence (ß = -0.27, p = 0.001), emotional intelligence (ß = 0.25, p = 0.005), age (ß = -0.15, p < 0.01), and gender (ß = 0.12, p = 0.03) explained 62.4% of the total variance of the nurse-parent partnership. Our results identify the factors affecting NICU nurses' development of partnerships with parents of high-risk infants. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Strategies and efforts to enhance the nurse-parent relationship must consider improving nurse empowerment, intelligence, and interpersonal factors.

Differences in the perceptions of partnership between nurses and mothers of children in a pediatric intensive care unit in South Korea: a qualitative study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses and the mothers of hospitalized children perceived their partnership and identify the detailed differences in the common domains of partnership between them. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design with semi-structured and open-ended interviews was used. Interviews with mothers of hospitalized children and nurses in the PICU were conducted at a national university hospital in South Korea. RESULTS: Five integrated categories were identified concerning nurses' and mothers' perceptions of partnership. Five common domains were derived by merging the partnership categories perceived by each PICU mother and nurse: expectation of trust, sharing and communication, participation in care, equality in the relationship, and coordination of opinion However, there were significant differences in the composition of the categories of these common domains. CONCLUSION: These results may facilitate more effective partnerships between parents and PICU nurses. Efforts should be taken to promote the formation of trust between nurses and parents and create an environment that is conductive to regular open communication in particular, steps should be taken to reduce gaps in awareness concerning this partnership and information sharing, nursing methods, and decision-making.

Inhibitory Effect of Biotransformed-Fucoidan on the Differentiation of Osteoclasts Induced by Receptor for Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand.

Bone homeostasis is regulated by constant remodeling through osteogenesis by osteoblasts and osteolysis by osteoclasts and osteoporosis can be provoked when this balance is broken. Present pharmaceutical treatments for osteoporosis have harmful side effects and thus, our goal was to develop therapeutics from intrisincally safe natural products. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide extracted from many species of brown seaweed, with valuable pharmaceutical activities. To intensify the effect of fucoidan on bone homeostasis, we hydrolyzed fucoidan using AMG, Pectinex and Viscozyme. Of these, fucoidan biotransformed by Pectinex (Fu/Pec) powerfully inhibited the induction of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) by the receptor for activation of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). To investigate potential of lower molecular weight fucoidan it was separated into >300 kDa, 50-300 kDa, and <50 kDa Fu/Pec fractions by ultrafiltration system. The effects of these fractions on TRAP and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were then examined in differentiated osteoclasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, respectively. Interestingly, 50-300 kDa Fu/Pec suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclasts differentiation from BMMs but did not synergistically enhance osteoblasts differentiation induced by osteogenic agents. In addition, this fraction inhibited the expressions of NFATc1, TRAP, OSCAR, and RANK, which are all key transcriptional factors involved in osteoclast differentiation, and those of Src, c-Fos and Mitf, as determined by RT-PCR. In conclusion, enzymatically low-molecularized 50-300 kDa Fu/Pec suppressed TRAP by downregulating RANKL-related signaling, contributing to the inhibition of osteoclasts differentiation, and represented a potential means of inducing bone remodeling in the background of osteoporosis.

Anti-Cancer Effects of RAW 264.7 Cells on Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells.

Macrophages have the potential to re-programing tumor cells in the tumor microenvironments. Thus we investigated anti-cancer effects of M1-polarized macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the physiological properties of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. To identify communications with immune cells and tumor cells, we performed in-direct way by using conditioned-media (CM) and analyzed tumor properties via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot and flow cytometry. CM of M1-polarized macrophages induced apoptotic cell death in PC-3 cells, and it surprisingly suppressed tumor parameters including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration and angiogenesis. EMT specific markers, N-cadherin, snail-1, and TGF ß2 were diminished; however, E-cadherin was increased. In addition, migration markers, vimentin and CCL2 were down-regulated, and finally wound healing was also inhibited. Decreased expression of matrix metalloprotein (MMP)-9 and VEGFA might reduce the invasive and angiogenic abilities of PC-3 cells. These results suggested that co-culture with CM of M1-polarized macrophages showed higher anti-cancer effects on PC-3 cells. Thus, therapeutic targeting of macrophages toward PC-3 cells may represent a useful strategy to complement with the secreted molecules of RAW 264.7 cells as inhibitors of metastasis and anti-cancer agents.

Molecular integration of HoxB4 and STAT3 for self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells: a model of molecular convergence for stemness.

The upregulation of HoxB4 promotes self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) without overriding the normal stem cell pool size. A similar enhancement of HSC self-renewal occurs when signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is activated in HSCs. In this study, to gain insight into the functional organization of individual transcription factors (TFs) that have similar effects on HSCs, we investigated the molecular interplay between HoxB4 and STAT3 in the regulation of HSC self-renewal. We found that while STAT3-C or HoxB4 similarly enhanced the in vitro self-renewal and in vivo repopulating activities of HSCs, simultaneous transduction of both TFs did not have additive effects, indicating their functional redundancy in HSCs. In addition, activation of STAT3 did not cause changes in the expression levels of HoxB4. In contrast, the inhibition of STAT3 activity in HoxB4-overexpressing hematopoietic cells significantly abrogated the enhancing effects of HoxB4, and the upregulation of HoxB4 caused a ligand-independent Tyr-phosphorylation of STAT3. Microarray analysis revealed a significant overlap of the transcriptomes regulated by STAT3 and HoxB4 in undifferentiated hematopoietic cells. Moreover, a gene set enrichment analysis showed significant overlap in the candidate TFs that can recapitulate the transcriptional changes induced by HoxB4 or STAT3. Interestingly, among these common TFs were the pluripotency-related genes Oct-4 and Nanog. These results indicate that tissue-specific TFs regulating HSC self-renewal are functionally organized to play an equivalent role in transcription and provide insights into the functional convergence of multiple entries of TFs toward a conserved transcription program for the stem cell state.

Efficient bone marrow transduction by gene transfer with allogeneic umbilical cord blood serum and plasma: an implication for clinical trials.

Low in vivo transduction efficiency and safety concerns have been hurdles for effective hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy. Here, we investigate whether the safety and efficiency of retroviral gene transfer into HSCs can be improved by using human allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived supplements instead of fetal bovine serum (FBS). When CD34(+) cells were cultured ex vivo in UCB-derived serum (CBS) or plasma (CBP), comparable or higher maintenance of HSCs was observed than in FBS and serum-free substitution medium (SFM) as assessed by the frequency of positive engraftment and the level of engraftment in NOD/SCID mice after transplantation of cultured cells. CBS and CBP also exhibited higher level stabilization of retroviral particles than SFM during in vitro culture of retrovirus pseudotyped with gibbon ape leukemia virus or vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. Retroviral gene transfer into CD34(+) cells performed with CBS or CBP resulted in increased gene transfer into CD34(+) cells and increased transduction of reconstituted bone marrow cells compared to transfers with SFM or FBS. The increased transduction of bone marrow cells was associated with a larger number of transduced progenitors in the recipient mice. Significant oligoclonality in the transduced progenitors, as determined by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction, suggested efficient retroviral targeting of multiple HSCs in the CBS- or CBP-supplemented media. Combined, our results show that allogeneic UCB-derived serum or plasma is a safe and easily accessible serum supplement that can support efficient retroviral gene transfer into HSCs for the clinical-grade manipulation of HSCs.

Unique effects of Stat3 on the early phase of hematopoietic stem cell regeneration.

Self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is key to their reconstituting ability, but the signaling pathways that regulate this process remain poorly understood. Here we show that transduction of adult mouse bone marrow cells with a constitutively activated form of Stat3 (Stat3-C) increased their regenerative activity in lethally irradiated recipients. Conversely, transduction of these cells with a dominant-negative form of Stat3 suppressed their regenerative activity. Serial transplantation and clonal tracking of the HSC progeny regenerated in vivo from STAT3-C-transduced HSCs demonstrated that the major effect of forced expression of STAT3-C was to enhance HSC self-renewal during the initial phase of hematopoietic recovery. This acquired potential for enhanced self-renewal divisions then became latent, but was reactivated when the cells were transferred to new irradiated recipients. Increased levels of activated STAT3 were also found to be associated with greater preservation of primitive hematopoietic cells in short-term cultures. These results indicate a novel biphasic regulation of HSC self-renewal in vivo in which activated STAT3 promotes HSC self-renewal under stimulated, but not homeostatic, conditions. STAT3 may thus be an important regulator of hematopoietic regeneration and a novel target for HSC engineering.